Kuldeep Paul

Kuldeep Paul

Agentic AI | LLM | Product Management | Product Marketing | Data Science | SaaS

How MCP Tools Work: Discovery, Invocation and Access Control

How MCP Tools Work: Discovery, Invocation and Access Control

TL;DR * MCP tools are executable functions an MCP server advertises to a client through tools/list and runs on request through tools/call, each described by a JSON Schema the model uses to build arguments. * The protocol defines two error paths: JSON-RPC protocol errors for unknown tools or

The MCP Protocol: Transports, Primitives, and the Message Lifecycle

The MCP Protocol: Transports, Primitives, and the Message Lifecycle

TL;DR * The MCP protocol is a JSON-RPC 2.0 standard with two transports, stdio and Streamable HTTP, and three server primitives: tools, resources, and prompts. * Revision 2026-07-28 made MCP stateless: the initialize handshake is gone, and every request carries its protocol version and client capabilities in

What Is an MCP Gateway? A Guide for Production AI Agents

What Is an MCP Gateway? A Guide for Production AI Agents

An MCP gateway is a centralized layer between AI agents and the MCP servers they call, exposing every connected tool through one endpoint. This guide covers the four roles a gateway plays, how it differs from an MCP server and a proxy, the deny-by-default access model, and when to adopt one.

Observability for LLM Traffic: Collect, Filter, Enrich, Route

Observability for LLM Traffic: Collect, Filter, Enrich, Route

TL;DR * An observability pipeline for LLM traffic moves telemetry through four stages: collect at the AI gateway, filter payloads and low-value spans, enrich with cost and routing context, and route each signal to the backend that can use it. * LLM telemetry breaks conventional pipelines on four axes: multi-

AI Governance in Healthcare: HIPAA Requirements for LLM Applications

AI Governance in Healthcare: HIPAA Requirements for LLM Applications

A guide to HIPAA requirements for LLM applications, covering the five paths PHI takes into model traffic and the gateway control for each.

Generative AI Governance for Enterprises: From Policy to Gateway Controls

Generative AI Governance for Enterprises: From Policy to Gateway Controls

A guide to mapping generative AI governance policy on acceptable use, data classification and vendor risk to enforced gateway controls.

LLM Budget Management: Virtual Keys and Hierarchical Spend Controls

LLM Budget Management: Virtual Keys and Hierarchical Spend Controls

TL;DR * Virtual keys are gateway-issued credentials that carry their own budget, rate limits, and model access, so an AI budget can be attached to each team, project, or user instead of a shared provider key. * Bifrost enforces budgets hierarchically at the customer, team, virtual key, and provider-config